Opdivo is a monoclonal antibody that works to help T cells in their destruction of cancer cells. Monoclonal antibodies are those that are made from all identical immune cells who have originated from the same starting parent. As a result, they all bind to the same antigen, as they have the same structure. The drug nivolumab, known as Opdivo, is one of these. How does it work? It is designed to specifically help T cells recognized cancer cells that may be “disguised” in the body. In doing so, it could reduce tumors. Specifically, the manufacturer states that Opdivo can bind to the PD-1 receptor on T cells, thereby allowing T cells to be active again after being previously silenced by cancer cells.
Of course, side effects are always present. As the manufacture’s website states, these include:
- lung problems
- intestinal problems
- liver problems
- hormone gland problems
- kidney problems, including nephritis and kidney failure
- skin problems
- inflammation of the brain
- problems in other organs
- severe infusion reactions
- fatigue
- rash
- musculoskeletal pain
- diarrhea
- nausea
- cough
- constipation
- decreased appetite
- back pain
- vomiting
- headache
- abdominal pain
WOW! Now that is a long list.
When looking at these side effects, it is important to consider the original issue the drug was targeting. This is a cancer fighting drug. With this, the individual is likely immunocompromised and at more risk than normal to adverse effects. Noticing this, things like organ issues/failures may only progress the seriousness of the patients condition. More so, if this drug can cause your T cells to attack cancer cells, there is a chance that it causes self destruction against other beneficial cells throughout your body. Consequently, this drug could potentially self-attack.
As per the FDA, this drug could potentially make one more susceptible to any condition that already makes someone immunocompromised. For example, someone that takes this drug and has HIV/AIDS may be at an even more risk against things like pneumonia. The FDA suggests that administration should be discontinued if the patient experiences any immune-mediated reaction including but not limited to, pneumonitis, colitis, and hepatitis. As such, by targeting T cells and allowing them to become active again, Opdivo operates on acquired immune response and causes a positive effect. Although, negative effects, as mentioned above, are possible. Consult a professional about whether this drug is good for you.
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